Universal #1918

Legacy number: 1918

 Number  1912
 Original  In addition to DAT/BEN objects, other object cases lower on the topicality hierarchy may also be "promoted" to DO — but always with obligatory verb-coding of the semantic role of the "promoted" object.
 Standardized  IF Dative/Benefative objects can be promoted to direct object, THEN other object cases lower on the topicality hierarchy may also be "promoted" to direct object — but always with obligatory verb-coding of the semantic role of the "promoted" object.
 Keywords  direct object, dative-shift, promotion
 Domain  inflection, syntax
 Type  implication
 Status  achronic
 Quality  absolute
 Basis  languages surveyed in Givón 1984
 Source  Givón 1984: 152

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Discussion
Counterexamples
Ob-Ugric (Ostyak, Vogul) (Irina Nikolaeva, p.c.)
Notes
Givon’s examples are KinyaRwanda, Nez Perce
Comment
Frans Plank · 3 Aug 2006
Givón's examples are KinyaRwanda, Nez Perce