Universal #1954

Legacy number: 1954

 Number  1948
 Original  Class IIIa and Class Ib predicates cooccur in a language.
 Standardized  IF non-canonical marking with Class IIIa predicates, THEN also non-canonical marking with Class Ib predicates, and vice versa.
 Keywords  case, agent, patient, subject, predicate
 Domain  inflection, lexicon
 Type  mutual implication
 Status  achronic
 Quality  absolute
 Basis  Icelandic, Bengali, Japanese, Imbabura Quechua, Amele, Tariana, and further lgs mentioned in paper (convenience collection)
 Source  Onishi 2001: 42-43, 45

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Discussion
Notes
CLASS I: one- or two-place (primary-A) verbs with affected A/S.Ia: physiological states/events;Ib: inner feelings/psychological experiences;CLASS II: two-place (primary-A/B) verbs with less agentive A (or S) and less affected O (or E).IIa: perception;IIb: cognition;IIc: liking;IId: searching/finding;IIe: following/meeting;IIf: interacting;IIg: addressing;IIh: resembling.CLASS III: two-place secondary verbs with modal meanings.IIIa: wanting;IIIb: necessity/obligation;IIIc: capability/possibility;IIId: trying/success/failure;IIIe: evidentiality.CLASS IV: predicates expressing happenings.CLASS V: verbs of possession, existence, and lacking.
Comment
Frans Plank · 3 Aug 2006
<table class = "textTable">
<tr>
<td>CLASS I:</td>
<td>one- or two-place (primary-A) verbs with affected A/S.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Ia:</td>
<td>physiological states/events;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Ib:</td>
<td>inner feelings/psychological experiences;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<td>CLASS II:</td>
<td>two-place (primary-A/B) verbs with less agentive A (or S) and less affected O (or E).</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>IIa:</td>
<td>perception;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>IIb:</td>
<td>cognition;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>IIc:</td>
<td>liking;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>IId:</td>
<td>searching/finding;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>IIe:</td>
<td>following/meeting;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>IIf:</td>
<td>interacting;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>IIg:</td>
<td>addressing;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>IIh:</td>
<td>resembling.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>CLASS III:</td>
<td>two-place secondary verbs with modal meanings.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>IIIa:</td>
<td>wanting;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>IIIb:</td>
<td>necessity/obligation;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>IIIc:</td>
<td>capability/possibility;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>IIId:</td>
<td>trying/success/failure;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>IIIe:</td>
<td>evidentiality.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>CLASS IV:</td>
<td>predicates expressing happenings.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>CLASS V:</td>
<td>verbs of possession, existence, and lacking.</td>
</tr>
</table>