Universal #1955
Legacy number: 1955
| Number | 1949 |
| Original | If a language has Class IIIa/Ib predicates requiring non-canonicaly marked A/S, then it also has Class Ia predicates requiring non-canonically marked A/S. |
| Standardized | IF there are Class IIIa/Ib predicates requiring non-canonicaly marked A/S, THEN there are also Class Ia predicates requiring non-canonically marked A/S. |
| Keywords | case, agent, subject, predicate |
| Domain | inflection, lexicon |
| Type | implication |
| Status | achronic |
| Quality | absolute |
| Basis | Icelandic, Bengali, Japanese, Imbabura Quechua, Amele, Tariana, and further lgs mentioned in paper (convenience collection) |
| Source | Onishi 2001: 42-43, 45 |
Discussion
Notes
CLASS I: one- or two-place (primary-A) verbs with affected A/S.Ia: physiological states/events;Ib: inner feelings/psychological experiences;CLASS II: two-place (primary-A/B) verbs with less agentive A (or S) and less affected O (or E).IIa: perception;IIb: cognition;IIc: liking;IId: searching/finding;IIe: following/meeting;IIf: interacting;IIg: addressing;IIh: resembling.CLASS III: two-place secondary verbs with modal meanings.IIIa: wanting;IIIb: necessity/obligation;IIIc: capability/possibility;IIId: trying/success/failure;IIIe: evidentiality.CLASS IV: predicates expressing happenings.CLASS V: verbs of possession, existence, and lacking.
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<tr>
<td>CLASS I:</td>
<td>one- or two-place (primary-A) verbs with affected A/S.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Ia:</td>
<td>physiological states/events;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Ib:</td>
<td>inner feelings/psychological experiences;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>CLASS II:</td>
<td>two-place (primary-A/B) verbs with less agentive A (or S) and less affected O (or E).</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>IIa:</td>
<td>perception;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>IIb:</td>
<td>cognition;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>IIc:</td>
<td>liking;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>IId:</td>
<td>searching/finding;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>IIe:</td>
<td>following/meeting;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>IIf:</td>
<td>interacting;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>IIg:</td>
<td>addressing;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>IIh:</td>
<td>resembling.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>CLASS III:</td>
<td>two-place secondary verbs with modal meanings.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>IIIa:</td>
<td>wanting;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>IIIb:</td>
<td>necessity/obligation;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>IIIc:</td>
<td>capability/possibility;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>IIId:</td>
<td>trying/success/failure;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>IIIe:</td>
<td>evidentiality.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>CLASS IV:</td>
<td>predicates expressing happenings.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>CLASS V:</td>
<td>verbs of possession, existence, and lacking.</td>
</tr>
</table>