Universal #197

Legacy number: 197

 Number  197
 Original  No set of case marking elements both precede the head noun and participate in agreement.
 Standardized  IF a relational marker (case, adposition) precedes the head noun, THEN it will not participate in agreement.
IF a relational marker (case, adposition) participates in agreement, THEN it will not precede the head noun.
 Keywords  case, adposition, prefix, preposition, order, agreement
 Domain  inflection, syntax
 Type  implication
 Status  achronic
 Quality  absolute
 Basis  Russian (Slavic, IE), Evenki (Tungus), Japanese (Japanese-Ryukyuan), Tagalog (W. Malayo-Polynesian, Austronesian), Amharic (Semitic, Afro-Asiatic), Estonian, Karelian, Vepsian (all Finnic, Uralic)
 Source  Kilby 1981: 115 (A)

← Back to Universals Archive

Discussion
Notes
1. Kilby 1981: 121 combines his universal with #198: “Case marking elements which precede the noun phrase are always separable from the head noun, and never participate in agreement.”2. See Greenberg’s universals (here ##1, 4, 8, 55) discussed in Kilby 1981: 128.
Comment
Frans Plank · 3 Aug 2006
1. Kilby 1981: 121 combines his universal with <a class="innerLink" href="browse.php?entry_id=198"><img src="../img/entry.gif" border="0">: "Case marking elements which precede the noun phrase are always separable from the head noun, and never participate in agreement."

2. See Greenberg's universals (here <a class="innerLink" href="browse.php?entry_id=3"><img src="../img/entry.gif" border="0">, <a class="innerLink" href="browse.php?entry_id=2"><img src="../img/entry.gif" border="0">, <a class="innerLink" href="browse.php?entry_id=8"><img src="../img/entry.gif" border="0">, <a class="innerLink" href="browse.php?entry_id=55"><img src="../img/entry.gif" border="0">) discussed in Kilby 1981: 128.