Universal #219

Legacy number: 219

 Number  219
 Original  In all languages: if there are non-root morphemes, then all such morphemes have a more limited inventory of phonemes than root-morphemes and the average length of non-root morphemes is not more than the length of root-morphemes.
 Standardized  Provided there are non-root as well as root morphemes, non-root morphemes have a more limited inventory of phonemes than root-morphemes and are on average shorter than root-morphemes.
 Keywords  morpheme, root, non-root, phoneme inventory, length
 Domain  phonology, morphology
 Type  no genuine implication; rather: provided that
 Status  achronic
 Quality  absolute
 Basis  unspecified
 Source  see Vardul’ 1969, referring to Glazov

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Discussion
Notes
Not entirely equivalent:IF phonemes can occur in non-root morphemes, THEN they can also occur in root-morphemes.For example, non-roots may have a very limited set of vowels, whereas roots may use all vowels; but there may be non-root vowels (e.g. schwa) that cannot occur in roots.IF non-roots can be x long (x measured in segments, syllables, moras ...), THEN roots will on average be longer than x.
Comment
Frans Plank · 3 Aug 2006
Not entirely equivalent:
IF phonemes can occur in non-root morphemes, THEN they can also occur in root-morphemes. For example, non-roots may have a very limited set of vowels, whereas roots may use all vowels; but there may be non-root vowels (e.g. schwa) that cannot occur in roots.

IF non-roots can be x long (x measured in segments, syllables, moras ...), THEN roots will on average be longer than x.