Universal #230
Legacy number: 230
| Number | 230 |
| Original | If constituent order is rigid, then cases are absent, and vice versa; if cases are absent, then the use of prepositions is extensive, and vice versa; if order is rigid, then the use of prepositions is extensive, and vice versa. If, on the other hand, constituent order is flexible, then cases are present, and vice versa; if cases are present, then the use of prepositions is sparse, and vice versa; if order is flexible, then the use of prepositions is sparse, and vice versa. |
| Standardized | IF constituent order is rigid, THEN cases are absent, and vice versa; If cases are absent, THEN the use of prepositions is extensive, and vice versa; IF order is rigid, THEN the use of prepositions is extensive, and vice versa. IF constituent order is flexible, THEN cases are present, and vice versa; IF cases are present, THEN the use of prepositions is sparse, and vice versa; IF order is flexible, THEN the use of prepositions is sparse, and vice versa. |
| Formula | rigid order ⇔ ¬case; ¬case ⇔ prepositions; rigid order ⇔ preposition; flexible order ⇔ cases; cases ⇔ sparse use of preposition; flexible order ⇔ sparse use of preposition |
| Keywords | order, case, preposition |
| Domain | inflection, syntax |
| Type | mutual implication |
| Status | achronic |
| Quality | absolute |
| Basis | French, Latin, Italian, Spanish (all Italic), Russian, Polish, Church Slavonic, Serbo-Croatian (all Slavic), Ancient Greek (Greek, all IE), Hebrew (Semitic, Afro-Asiatic) |
| Source | Girard 1747, as interpreted in Plank 1999: 13 |
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