Universal #273

Legacy number: 273

 Number  272
 Original  If there is a certain person or number distinction in the forms of a non-indicative mood, there will be the same distinction in indicative mood.
 Standardized  IF there is any person or number distinction in the forms of a non-indicative mood, THEN there will be the same distinctions in the indicative mood.
 Formula  person V number (non-indicative mood) ⇒ person V number (indicative mood)
 Keywords  verb, person, number, mood, indicative, non-indicative
 Domain  inflection
 Type  implication
 Status  achronic
 Quality  statistical
 Basis  unspecified
 Source  Uspensky 1968: 14 [Uspensky 1972: 68]; see Vardul’ 1969, referring to Uspensky

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Discussion
Counterexamples
Nivkh (isolate), Japanese (Japanese-Ryukyuan), Dogon (Gur, Niger-Congo) distinguish the category of person in the imperative mood, and do not do so in the indicative mood (V. S. Xrakovskij, personal communication)Additionally, Klamath (Klamath-Modoc (=Lutuamian)), Lezgian (East Caucasian), Mongolian (Altaic) make person-number distinction in imperative but not in indicative mood (Birjulin & Xrakovskij 1992: 31)
Notes
1. Xrakovskij & Volodin state this implication the other way round (#676): If there is person-number distinction in the forms of the indicative, the same distinction will be in the forms of the imperative.2. Cf. ##433, 434 for the distribution of voice, aspect, and tense distinctions between indicative and non-indicative moods.
Comment
Frans Plank · 3 Aug 2006
1. Xrakovskij & Volodin state this implication the other way round (<a class="innerLink" href="browse.php?entry_id=676"><img src="../img/entry.gif" border="0">): If there is person-number distinction in the forms of the indicative, the same distinction will be in the forms of the imperative.

2. Cf. <a class="innerLink" href="browse.php?entry_id=433"><img src="../img/entry.gif" border="0">, <a class="innerLink" href="browse.php?entry_id=434"><img src="../img/entry.gif" border="0"> for the distribution of voice, aspect, and tense distinctions between indicative and non-indicative moods.