Universal #304
Legacy number: 304
| Number | 303 |
| Original | If a language has an ergative construction or a passive voice in non-past or imperfective tenses, then it also has them in past and perfective tenses. |
| Standardized | IF there are ergative or passive constructions in non-past or imperfective tenses, THEN there are ergative or passive constructions in past and perfective tenses. |
| Formula | ergative construction (non-past V imperfect) V. passive voice (non-past V imperfect) ⇒ ⇒ ergative construction (past V perfective) V. passive voice (past V perfective) |
| Keywords | diathesis, passive, alignment, ergative, tense, non-past, imperfective, past, perfective |
| Domain | inflection, syntax |
| Type | implication |
| Status | achronic |
| Quality | absolute |
| Basis | languages surveyed in Kozinsky 1981 |
| Source | Kozinsky 1981 |
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