Universal #561

Legacy number: 561

 Number  559
 Original  Where the distinction between absolute and contextual cardinal numerals exists, the use of contextual form as a multiplier with a lower base implies its use with all higher bases.
 Standardized  Where there is a distinction between absolute and contextual cardinal numerals,
IF the contextual form is used as a multiplier with a lower base, THEN the contextual form is also used with all higher bases.
 Keywords  cardinal numeral
 Domain  word formation
 Type  implication
 Status  achronic
 Quality  absolute
 Basis  56 languages mentioned in Greenberg 1978a
 Source  Greenberg 1978a: 287 (#52)

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Discussion
Notes
1. MULTIPLICAND = a quantity to be multiplied by another.MultiplieR = a quantity by which another is multiplied.2. There is a fair number of languages in which there are distinct counting and discourse forms. In such instances we may call the former absolute and the latter contextual. 3. Mandarin (Sinitic, Sino-Tibetan) has two forms of ‘two’, “èr” (absolute) and “liang” (contextual). “èr” is used as a multiplier of ‘ten’, while “liang” is the usual but not exclusive form used with ‘hundred’, ‘thousand’ and ‘ten-thousand’. The use of the contextual form with bases relates to the general principle that bases behave like substantives, and the larger their numerical value, the more substantive-like they are. 4. Note also ##557, 558, 560.
Comment
Frans Plank · 3 Aug 2006
1. MULTIPLICAND = a quantity to be multiplied by another. MULTIPLIER = a quantity by which another is multiplied.

2. There is a fair number of languages in which there are distinct counting and discourse forms. In such instances we may call the former absolute and the latter contextual.

3. Mandarin (Sinitic, Sino-Tibetan) has two forms of 'two', 'èr (absolute) and 'liang' (contextual). 'èr'is used as a multiplier of 'ten', while 'liang'is the usual but not exclusive form used with 'hundred', 'thousand' and 'ten-thousand'. The use of the contextual form with bases relates to the general principle that bases behave like substantives, and the larger their numerical value, the more substantive-like they are.

4. Note also <a class="innerLink" href="browse.php?entry_id=557"><img src="../img/entry.gif" border="0">, <a class="innerLink" href="browse.php?entry_id=558"><img src="../img/entry.gif" border="0">, <a class="innerLink" href="browse.php?entry_id=560"><img src="../img/entry.gif" border="0">.