Universal #563

Legacy number: 563

 Number  561
 Original  If the dual extends to non-pronominal agreement forms, it also extends to personal pronouns and nouns.
 Standardized  IF the dual extends to non-pronominal agreement forms, THEN it also extends to personal pronouns and nouns.
 Formula  Du (non-pronominal agreement forms) ⇒ Du (personal pronoun & noun)
 Keywords  agreement, number, dual, noun, personal pronoun
 Domain  inflection, syntax
 Type  implication
 Status  achronic
 Quality  absolute
 Basis  languages in Humboldt 1830, including Basque (isolate), Greenlandic (Eskimo-Aleut), Saami (Uralic), Tahitian, Malay (both Malayo-Polynesian), Indo-European (e.g. Sanskrit, Ancient Greek), Semitic languages, American languages (e.g. Quechua, Totonaca, Huasteca, Mapuche, Tamanaca, Chayma)
 Source  Humboldt 1830, as interpreted in Plank 1989: 299; Plank 1994b: 231

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Discussion
Counterexamples
Gothic (E. Germanic, Indo-European), Siroi and Kewa (Trans-New Guinea), Dizi (W. Omotic, Afro-Asiatic; but see Counterexamples to #567 for a caveat), Akkadian, Eastern Libyan Arabic (both Semitic, Afro-Asiatic), maybe also Chamorro (Chamorro, Western Malayo-Polynesian) and Hupa (Athabaskan) (Plank 1989: 299 ).
Notes
Plank 1989: 299-301, proposes to change the conjunction of the implicatum to a disjunction in order to avoid the counterexamples mentioned above: The dual does not extend to non-pronominal noun-phrase-internal agreement unless it extends to nouns. The dual does not extend to non-pronominal noun-phrase-external agreement unless it extends to personal pronouns.There is a natural diachronic reading of "extend" in this implication, and in many others of that kind.
Comment
Frans Plank · 3 Aug 2006
Plank 1989: 299-301, proposes to change the conjunction of the implicatum to a disjunction in order to avoid the counterexamples mentioned above:

The dual does not extend to non-pronominal noun-phrase-internal agreement unless it extends to nouns.
The dual does not extend to non-pronominal noun-phrase-external agreement unless it extends to personal pronouns.

There is a natural diachronic reading of "extend" in this implication, and in many others of that kind.