Universal #568
Legacy number: 568
| Number | 566 |
| Original | If 2nd and 3rd Person differentiate a Dual, so does (with more than chance frequency) 1st (but not vice versa). |
| Standardized | IF 2nd and 3rd person differentiate a dual, THEN so does (with more than chance frequency) 1st (but not vice versa). |
| Formula | Du (2 & 3 person) ⇒ Du (1 person) |
| Keywords | pronoun, personal pronoun, number, dual, 3rd person, 2nd person, 1st person |
| Domain | inflection |
| Type | implication |
| Status | achronic |
| Quality | absolute |
| Basis | languages in Humboldt 1830, including Basque (isolate), Greenlandic (Eskimo-Aleut), Saami (Uralic), Tahitian, Malay (both Malayo-Polynesian), Indo-European (e.g. Sanskrit, Ancient Greek), Semitic languages, American languages (e.g. Quechua, Totonaca, Huasteca, Mapuche, Tamanaca, Chayma) |
| Source | Humboldt 1830, as interpreted in Plank 1989: 302; Plank 1994b: 232 |
Discussion
Counterexamples
Ancient Greek (Indo-European), Classical Arabic (Semitic, Afro-Asiatic) and Aleut (Eskimo-Aleut) (Plank 1989: 303).
Notes
1. See also discussion in Plank 1989: 305, 316.2. Cf. Greenberg’s 1988 claim #1409.
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2. Cf. Greenberg's 1988 claim <a class="innerLink" href="browse.php?entry_id=1409"><img src="../img/entry.gif" border="0">.