Universal #808
Legacy number: 808
| Number | 805 |
| Original | The opposition of a stop and an affricate in the languages of the world implies the presence of a fricative in the same series. |
| Standardized | IF there is an opposition of a stop and an affricate, THEN there will be a fricative of the same series. |
| Keywords | affricate, stop, fricative |
| Domain | phonology |
| Type | implication |
| Status | achronic but presumably diachronically motivated |
| Quality | absolute |
| Basis | languages mentioned in Jakobson 1941 |
| Source | Jakobson 1941: 56, Jakobson 1957 [1971]: 526, cited in Uspensky 1965: 191, cited in Melikischwili 1970: 66 |
Discussion
Counterexamples
Affricates without the corresponding fricative:Amerind: Plains Miwok (Miwok-Costanoan), Wintu, Patwin (both Wintuan), Shasta, Yana (both Hokan), Yamana (Andean), Yukpa (Carib), Kwakiutl (Wakashan). Altaic: Kirghiz, Gagauz, Karaim, Khakas, Uighur, Yakut (all Turkic), Mongolian, Khalkha, Pao-an, Solon, Monguor, Dagur, Doungxiang (all Mongolian); Indo-European: Ossetic, Tati (both Iranian), Marathi, Oriya (both Indic), Italian (Italic).Indonesian, (Sundic, Western Malayo-Polynesian), Tagalog (Meso-Philippine, Western Malayo-Polynesian), Tlingit (Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit), Haida (isolate), Arabic (Semitic, Afro-Asiatic) - mentioned in Melikischwili 1970: 66;Kickapoo (Algonquian) has [t] and [†] but not [s](Hockett 1963: 25).
Notes
Cf. #489.
Comment
Cf. <a class="innerLink" href="browse.php?entry_id=489"><img src="../img/entry.gif" border="0">
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