Universal #822
Legacy number: 822
| Number | 819 |
| Original | Normal hierarchy of increasing markedness in consonants: unaspirated ⇒ aspirated ⇒ glottalized. |
| Standardized | IF there are glottalized consonants, THEN there are corresponding aspirated consonants; IF there are aspirated consonants, THEN there are corresponding unaspirated consonants. |
| Formula | glottalized ⇒ aspirated ⇒ unaspirated |
| Keywords | markedness, consonant, unaspirated, aspiration, glottalization |
| Domain | phonology |
| Type | implicational hierarchy |
| Status | achronic |
| Quality | absolute |
| Basis | languages in Greenberg 1966a, languages in Gamkrelidze 1978a |
| Source | Greenberg 1966a, cited in Gamkrelidze 1975: 232 [1978: 12], Décsy 1987: 67 |
Discussion
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