Universal #822

Legacy number: 822

 Number  819
 Original  Normal hierarchy of increasing markedness in consonants: unaspirated ⇒ aspirated ⇒ glottalized.
 Standardized  IF there are glottalized consonants, THEN there are corresponding aspirated consonants;
IF there are aspirated consonants, THEN there are corresponding unaspirated consonants.
 Formula  glottalized ⇒ aspirated ⇒ unaspirated
 Keywords  markedness, consonant, unaspirated, aspiration, glottalization
 Domain  phonology
 Type  implicational hierarchy
 Status  achronic
 Quality  absolute
 Basis  languages in Greenberg 1966a, languages in Gamkrelidze 1978a
 Source  Greenberg 1966a, cited in Gamkrelidze 1975: 232 [1978: 12], Décsy 1987: 67

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