Universal #945

Legacy number: 945

 Number  942
 Original  Nasalized vowels always arise from a sequence of vowel and nasal consonant origin.
 Standardized  Nasalized vowels always arise from a sequence of vowel and nasal consonant origin.
 Keywords  nasalized, vowel, nasal, consonant
 Domain  phonology
 Type  target < source
 Status  diachronic
 Quality  absolute
 Basis  languages in Greenberg 1966b
 Source  Greenberg 1966b: 514, based on Ferguson 1963, cited in Ferguson 1974: 11

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Discussion
Counterexamples
1. This should exclude the rare cases of “spontaneous nasalization” which can be found in English and Japanese. <ADS>2. Campbell (1980: 21) mentions Proto-Algonquian [*a] changing to a nasal vowel in Eastern Algonquian, due to contact with Iroquoian languages. He does not consider this a true counterexample, however, because this exception has an external origin, from areal diffusion, not intrinsic value. The same issue is briefly discussed in Sherzer 1972: 267-268.
Notes
1. For a similar generalization about the formation of nasal vowels, cf. ##943, 944.2. Ferguson further specifies the “conventional” origin of a nasal vowel as the loss of a following nasal stop (1974: 11).
Comment
Frans Plank · 3 Aug 2006
1. For a similar generalization about the formation of nasal vowels, cf. <a class="innerLink" href="browse.php?entry_id=943"><img src="../img/entry.gif" border="0">, <a class="innerLink" href="browse.php?entry_id=944"><img src="../img/entry.gif" border="0">.

2. Ferguson further specifies the "conventional" origin of a nasal vowel as the loss of a following nasal stop (Ferguson 1974: 11).