Author: FP

Universal 1002: Original Voluntary metatheses imply non-phonological causes. Standardized If a metathesis is synchronically regular, THEN it is not phonologically conditioned. Keywords metathesis Domain phonology,…

Universal 1003: vowel > semivowel > liquid > spirant > sibilant > nasal > stop Original Resonance Hierarchy:vowel > semivowel > liquid > spirant >…

Universal 1004: Original An utterance boundary is necessarily also a word boundary (but not necessarily the reverse), i.e. if a word cannot begin with a…

Universal 1005: spiratized dentals ⇒ spirantized labials & spirantized velars Original … across-the-board spirantization processes tend to start with labials and velars and then spread…

Universal 1006: Original No matter which direction the process ( d⇔ð, t⇔† ) is going, the stop outcome is favoured by word-initial, post-nasal or post-liquid…

Universal 1007: Original Pidginization processes tend to replace fricatives other than s by stops. Standardized Pidginization processes tend to replace fricatives other than s by…

Universal 1008: Exceed-2 V Exceed-3 Comparative ⇒ adjectives are nouny Original If a language has an Exceed-2 Comparative or an Exceed-3 Comparative, it is nouny.…

Universal 1009: Original Accent on the third syllable from the left edge and on the fourth syllable from the right edge are unattested patterns in…

Universal 1010: Original There is no language in which there are more labials or velars than dentals. Standardized IF there are n labials or velars,…

Universal 1011: peripheral affricates ⇒ medial affricates Original Peripheral affricates imply medial affricates. Standardized IF there are peripheral affricates, THEN there are medial affricates. Keywords…