Author: FP

Universal 1012: diffuse medial affricates & compact medial fricatives ⇒ compact medial affricates Original The existence of diffuse medial affricates and compact medial fricatives imply…

Universal 1013: Original A compact nasal consonant implies the the presence of two diffuse consonants, one acute and the other grave. Standardized IF there is…

Universal 1014: Original If there are analogical changes in their inflectional paradigms, the forms (stems and affixes) of inferior numerals replace more likely the forms…

Universal 1015: Original If there are analogical changes in their inflectional paradigms, the forms (stems and affixes) of cardinal numerals replace more likely the forms…

Universal 1016: Original If there are analogical changes in their inflectional paradigms, the forms (stems and affixes) of the present replace more likely the forms…

Universal 1017: verb-initial ⇒ N Gen Original … verb-initial languages do exhibit a clear preference for N Gen order. Standardized IF basic order is verb-initial,…

Universal 1018: Original If a language has a parts-of speech system of types 1-2/3, then it has predicate-initial or predicate-final basic word order. Standardized IF…

Universal 1019: Original If a language has a parts-of speech system of types 1-3/4, then it does not allow variation in the ordering of Subject…

Universal 1020: Original If a language has a parts-of speech system of types 1-3/4 and has Predicate-final word order, then it has ModifierHead basic word…

Universal 1021: Original If a language has a parts-of speech system of types 1-3/4 and has Predicate-initial word order, then it has HeadModifier basic word…