Author: FP

Universal 1042: Original When length distinctions are limited to certain positions in the word, these always include or are even confined to the stressed syllable.…

Universal 1043: Original When there are limitations regarding the number of long vowels in a word, they invariably involve end and/or initial reckoning. Standardized When…

Universal 1044: Original Whenever syllable closure is counted as an extra mora, vowel length is always present and likewise counts as two mora(s), but not…

Universal 1045: Original When tonal contrasts are neutralized in certain syllables, stress seems invariably to be involved, with tone neutralized in unstressed syllables. Standardized IF…

Universal 1046: Original The number of tones on a long vowel seems never to be fewer than on a short vowel. Standardized The number of…

Universal 1047: Original If there is tonal ascent, then there is also tonal descent. Standardized IF there is tonal ascent, THEN there is also tonal…

Universal 1048: SOV ⇒ ¬preclitics;VSO ⇒ ¬postclitic question markers Original If word order is SOV, then there are no preclitics.If word order is VSO, then…

Universal 1049: Original We would expect that a system which stresses the initial syllable as the elsewhere case (i.e., if words lack a long vowel,…

Universal 1050: Original If there is agreement within NPs, there is, almost certainly, also agreement within clauses. Standardized IF there is agreement within NPs, THEN…

Universal 1051: Original If there is agreement within clauses, agreement is likelier to be used than not to be used within NPs. Standardized IF there…