Author: FP

Universal 1062: Original In case of polite plural subject, … more verb-like predicates tend to agree with features of the surface subject, while more noun-like…

Universal 1063: Original When stress is phonologically predictable (i.e., demarcative), it mostly falls on initial syllables, somewhat less commonly on final syllables or on penultimate…

Universal 1064: Original Languages often have mechanisms to remove stress from final position, often putting it in penultimate position; but there is no corresponding tendency…

Universal 1065: Original No language has a rule which (i) places stress on antepenultimate syllables, but (ii) fails to place a stress on words consisting…

Universal 1066: Original Syllables tend to weaken more after stress than before stress. Standardized IF syllables tend to weaken before stress, THEN they also weaken…

Universal 1067: Original If there is a contrast between light and heavy syllables, then there is a contrast of vowel length. Standardized IF there is…

Universal 1068: Original If there is a contrast between light and heavy syllables, then there tends to be a contrast of consonant length. Standardized IF…

Universal 1069: Original When stress is sensitive to syllable weight, the general case is that a short vowel in open syllable position shows a reluctance…

Universal 1070: Original If in a language phonemic stress co-exists with phonemic quantity, one of the two elements is subordinate to the other, and three,…

Universal 1071: Original While a tone can be restricted in occurrence by an adjacent voiced vs. voiceless consonant, no stress language assigns stress on such…