Author: FP

Universal 41: Original If a nominal has two or more affixes at one time and at an earlier time one of those was not present,…

Universal 42: Original If a language has Suffixaufnahme at one time and at some later point it does not, one possible successor construction is the…

Universal 43: Original New (not borrowed) case forms enter the nominal morphology through the affixation of adpositions, but such a development is possible only if…

Universal 44: Original Standardized Assuming that grammatical relations are ordered from left to right according to their decreasing semantic concreteness and correspondingly increasing grammaticalization as…

Universal 45: verb agrees with attributive ⇒ verb agrees with Oblique Object ⇒ verb agrees with Indirect Object ⇒ verb agrees with Direct Object ⇒…

Universal 46: Original When objects are marked differently depending on whether or not they are definite, or on whether or not they are animate/human, it…

Universal 47: Original Nominal predicate complements are more likely than adjectival and participial predicate complements not to agree in case with the noun phrase (NP)…

Universal 48: Original The noun phrase (NP) internal distribution of case between head noun and any agreeing constituents is determined by dominance relations defined on…

Universal 49: Original Case and number agreement of attributive adjectives are determined independently: number agreement is controlled by head nouns; case is distributed among the…

Universal 63: Original When the adjective follows the noun, the adjective expresses all the inflectional categories of the noun. In such cases the noun may…