Author: FP

Universal 1202: Original Monotonicity correspondence universal:There is a simple NP which expresses the monotone decreasing quantifier ~Q if and only if there is a simple…

Universal 1203: Original Monotonicity constraint:The simple NPs of any natural language express monotone quantifiers or conjunctions of monotone quantifiers. Standardized Monotonicity constraint:The simple NPs of…

Universal 1204: Original In all languages, there are never more person distinctions within possessive pronouns and possessive affixes than within personal pronouns. Standardized IF there…

Universal 1205: Original Persistent determiner constraint:Every persistent determiner of human language is monotone ¡ncreasing and weak. Standardized Persistent determiner constraint:Every persistent determiner of human language…

Universal 1206: Original Constraint on negating self-dual and monotone decreasing quantifiers:If a language has a syntactic construction whose semantic function is to negate a quantifier,…

Universal 1207: Original Dual quantifier universal:If a natural language has a basic determiner for each of D and d then these are semantically equivalent to…

Universal 1208: incorporation of instruments and/or locations ⇒ incorporation of patients of intransitive verbs ⇒ incorporation of patients of transitive verbs Original If a language…

Universal 1209: incorporation of indirect objects ⇒ incorporation of non-agental subjects ⇒ incorporation of direct objects Original If a language incorporates indirect objects, then it…

Universal 1210: Original After incorporation of the noun the verb becomes intransitive (if it was not already so). From this follows that other syntactic phenomena…

Universal 1211: Original If there are predominantly prepositions rather than postpositions, then there will not be an extensive system of local cases. Standardized IF there…