Author: FP

Universal 1312: Original Every minuend is a base of the system or a multiple of the base. Standardized In numeral systems, every minuend is a…

Universal 1313: Head-Modifier ⇒ Given name-Family name;Modifier-Head ⇒ Family name-Given name Original There is a tendency that, in postspecifying languages (i.e., specified-specifier, head-modifier), the order…

Universal 1314: Original The various classes of adverbs (AdvPs) enter a rigidly ordered sequence, which is the same across languages. And if one sets aside…

Universal 1315: scrambling ⇒ head-final order Original Scrambling is limited to head-final contexts. Standardized IF there is scrambling, THEN the order is head-final. Keywords scrambling,…

Universal 1316: long scrambling ⇒ short scrambling Original If a language has long scrambling, it also has short scrambling. Standardized IF there is long scrambling,…

Universal 1317: Original Long scrambling is limited to extraction from AP and PP. Standardized IF long scrambling is possible, THEN it occurs out of (extended)…

Universal 1318: Original Only the verbal domain can be the target of long scrambling. Standardized IF there is long scrambling, THEN its landing site will…

Universal 1319: Original Monomorphemic reflexives can take long-distance antecedents whereas polymorphemic reflexives cannot. Standardized IF a reflexive can take long-distance antecedents, THEN it is monomorphemic.…

Universal 1320: Original Among the deictic elements of every human language is one that denotes the speaker and one that denotes the addressee. Standardized Among…

Universal 1321: Original Every human language has proper names. Standardized Every human language has proper names. Keywords proper name Domain lexicon Type unconditional Status achronic…