Author: FP

Universal 1322: Original No human language has a grammatically homogeneous vocabulary. Standardized No human language has a grammatically homogeneous vocabulary. Keywords vocabulary Domain lexicon Type…

Universal 1323: Original A major form-class distinction reminiscent of “noun” vs. “verb” is universal, though not always at the same size-level. Standardized A major form-class…

Universal 1324: Original Every human language has a common clause type with bipartite structure in which the constituents can reasonably be termed “topic” and “comment”.…

Universal 1325: Original Every human language has a distinction between one-referent and two-referent predicators. Standardized Every human language has a distinction between one-referent and two-referent…

Universal 1326: Original In every human language, redundancy, measured in phonological terms, hovers near 50%. Standardized In every human language, redundancy, measured in phonological terms,…

Universal 1327: Original Every human language makes use of distinction of vowel color. Standardized Every human language makes use of distinction of vowel color. Keywords…

Universal 1328: Original A historical tendency toward phonological symmetry is universal. Standardized A historical tendency toward phonological symmetry is universal. Keywords phoneme inventory Domain phonology…

Universal 1329: Original There are gaps, asymmetries, or “configurational pressures” in every phonological system, no matter when examined. Standardized There are gaps, asymmetries, or “configurational…

Universal 1330: Original Every phonological system contrasts phonemes that are typically stops with phonemes that are never stops. Standardized Every phonological system contrasts phonemes that…

Universal 1331: Original No phonological system has fewer than two contrasting positions of articulation for stops. Standardized No phonological system has fewer than two contrasting…