Author: FP

Universal 1402: Original If a language has adverbial predicates which are analyzable into a noun and a case affix, then any postposed arguments of such…

Universal 1403: Original In languages where transitive verbs have suffixes agreeing in definiteness or in person-gender-number with their direct objects, prepositions also have suffixes that…

Universal 1404: Original If a language expresses general number then it will do so (either solely, or as the normal case) through the maximally unmarked…

Universal 1405: 2Du pronoun ⇒ 1Du pronoun &, V 3Du pronoun Original The existence of a 2nd person dual pronoun seems to always imply that…

Universal 1406: Du Incl & ¬Du Excl ⇒ Pl Incl & Pl Excl Original When the sole dual pronoun is a first person inclusive, there…

Universal 1407: Original General irregularities in the constituency of the numerals immediately precede and follow the base. Standardized IF there are irregularities in the constituency…

Universal 1408: Original The higher the number of principle phonemes, the higher the probability of redundancy. Standardized The higher the number of principle phonemes, the…

Universal 1409: Original In interjections one or more marginal phonemes occur with a percentage which is characteristic only for principle phonemes. Standardized In interjections one…

Universal 1410: Original In all languages possessing the vowel ä, the a is articulated more backward (velar) than in languages which have no ä. Standardized…

Universal 1411: Original If in a language only one member of a customary phoneme opposition exists, the existing member of the opposition can take over…