Author: FP

Universal 1452: Original In an overwhelming majority of languages, if some form denotes the metaperson ‘hearer’ in the non-singular, it cannot include among its meanings…

Universal 1453: Original In an overwhelming majority of languages, if the metaperson ‘hearer’ in the non-singular (and consequently, the metaperson ‘hearer(s) + non-participant'(s); see )…

Universal 1454: Original In all languages, there is a special form to denote the metaperson ‘non-participant’. Standardized In all languages, there is a special form…

Universal 1455: Original In an overwhelming majority of languages, if some form denotes the metaperson ‘non-participant’ in the singular, it cannot be used to denote…

Universal 1456: Original In an overwhelming majority of languages, if the metaperson ‘non-participant’ in the singular is not the only meaning denoted by some pronominal…

Universal 1457: Original In an overwhelming majority of languages, if some form denotes the metaperson ‘non-participant’ in the non-singular, then it cannot be used to…

Universal 1458: Original In an overwhelming majority of languages, if the metaperson ‘non-participant’ in the non-singular is not the only meaning denoted by some form,…

Universal 1459: Original In no language is there a special form to denote a metaperson ‘speaker+hearer(s)’. Standardized In no language is there a special form…

Universal 1460: Original In all languages, if some form denotes the metaperson ‘speaker + hearer(s)’, it must also denote the metaperson ‘speaker + hearer(s) +…

Universal 1461: Original If some form denotes the metaperson ‘speaker + hearer(s)’, then(a) in some languages this form can also denote the metaperson ‘speaker +…