Author: FP

Universal 1522: OS ⇒ ¬ relative pronoun Original Subject-final languages do not have relative pronouns. Standardized IF subject full noun phrases follow object full noun…

Universal 1523: OS ⇒ articles;OS ⇒ definite articles (≠ demonstrative adjectives) Original All subject-final languages possess articles. With more than chance frequency subject-final languages have…

Universal 1524: OS ⇒ Num N Original [In subject-final languages] With much greater than chance frequency numerical expressions precede the nouns they modify. Standardized IF…

Universal 1525: OS ⇒ Art N Original [In subject-final languages] With much greater than chance frequency articles precede the nouns. Standardized IF subject full noun…

Universal 1526: OS ⇒ Neg Verb Original Negative elements precede the verb in subject-final languages. Standardized IF subject full noun phrases follow object full noun…

Universal 1527: OS ⇒ Caus Verb Original A causative element precedes the root of the causativized verb in subject-final languages. Standardized IF subject full noun…

Universal 1528: OS ⇒ passive Original All subject-final languages have passive forms of verbs (ones in which the object of the active verb functions as…

Universal 1529: OS ⇒ passive is marked in verbal morphology Original ‘Passive’ is generally marked in the verbal morphology in subject-final languages. Standardized IF subject…

Universal 1530: OS ⇒ ¬ overt copula Original Subject-final languages generally do not have overt copulas. Standardized IF subject full noun phrases follow object full…

Universal 1531: verb-initial ⇒ prefixes Original Verb-initial languages evidence significant prefixing, though normally there is some suffixing as well. There is a possibility of ambi-fixing…