Author: FP

Universal 1552: Original In verb-initial and verb-final languages, but not in verb-medial ones, relative pronouns which code the case of the position relativized are rare.…

Universal 1553: verb-initial ⇒ Modal Verb, Aux Verb, Neg Verb, Desiderative Verb, Volition Verb Original In verb-initial languages, if expressed by morphemically independent forms, modals,…

Universal 1554: verb-initial ⇒ V-Manner Adverb Original In verb-initial languages, manner adverbs follow the verb if they are a distinct category. Standardized IF word order…

Universal 1555: Original In verb-initial languages, sentential objects always follow the subject and are very commonly finite as opposed to the more usual non-finite/nominalized treatment…

Universal 1556: verb-initial ⇒ ¬ embedded sentential objects Original In verb-initial languages, sentential objects are never embedded. They normally follow the main sentence but may…

Universal 1557: verb-initial ⇒ Main verb-Subordinate Original In verb-initial languages, verbal forms subordinate to the to the “main” verb (e.g. complements of verbs like ‘want’,…

Universal 1558: verb-initial ⇒ Causativized verb-Causativizing verb Original In verb-initial languages, causativized verbs follow the causativizing verb. Standardized IF word order is verb-initial, THEN causativized…

Universal 1559: verb-initial ⇒ passive voice Original Verb-initial languages always have a passive voice and it is almost always marked in the verbal morphology (rather…

Universal 1560: verb-initial ⇒ no verb agreement V. agreement with two noun phrases Original With possibly greater than chance frequency, the verb in verb-initial languages…

Universal 1561: verb-initial ⇒ ¬ overt copula Original Verb-initial languages normally have no overt copula. Standardized IF word order is verb-initial, THEN there is no…