Author: FP

Universal 1572: Original If there are reciprocal and antipassive reflexive verb and if there is any overlapping between any groups of reflexive verb, there is…

Universal 1573: Original If there are any antipassive reflexive verbs, they are most likely to possess the reciprocal sense as well. Standardized IF a reflexive…

Universal 1574: Original If there are any reflexive verbs built by adding reflexive marker and an affix (or a predicative adjective, etc.), some of these…

Universal 1575: Original If there are any reflexive verbs derived from intransitives by adding reflexive marker and an affix (or a predicative adjective, etc.), a…

Universal 1576: Original If a language has a complex system both of reflexive constructions and causative constructions (with lexical or analytical causatives), the former tends…

Universal 1577: Original If there is a reflexive verb meaning ‘to laugh’ it is usually not derived from the transitive base meaning ‘to make somebody…

Universal 1578: Original If both the reflexive marker and the causative marker in a language are affixes, both are: (a) either prefixes (cf. Abkhaz, Amharic,…

Universal 1579: Original If there are causative affixes in a language which serve to form causative verbs from transitives, then this language also has causative…

Universal 1580: Original If a language has several causative affixes, the means for deriving causatives from intransitives are more varied than those for forming causatives…

Universal 1581: Original If there are productive complex affixes among the causative affixes, then by means of them causatives can also (or only) be derived…