Author: FP

Universal 1582: Original If a language has a causative morpheme which expresses permissiveness, this morpheme usually combines with a larger group of verbal stems in…

Universal 1583: Original The following four causative oppositions: (1) laugh – make laugh, amuse; (2) boil – bring to boil; (3) burn – ignite (of…

Universal 1584: kin terms and/or body parts > part-whole and/or spatial relations > culturally basic possessed items Original Semantic scale of inalienable possession: kin terms…

Universal 1585: dependent-marked possession ⇒ alienable possession;head-marked possession ⇒ inalienable possession Original The inalienables take marking which is more nearly head-marking or less dependent-marking than…

Universal 1586: possession regularly head-marked ⇒ opposition alienable/inalienable possession;¬ opposition alienable/inalienable possession ⇒ possession regularly dependent-marked Original An opposition of “alienable” and “inalienable” possession is…

Universal 1587: bound nouns ⇒ head-marked possession Original Bound nouns appear to exist only where there is head-marked possession. Standardized IF there is a set…

Universal 1588: body part > inherent attribute > clothing > (kin) > pet animal > product > other possessee Original Possession cline which represents the…

Universal 1589: V-final ⇒ postposing ⇒ suffixes Original Verb-final languages exhibit a very strong postposing tendency which leads to their preponderance of suffixes. Standardized IF…

Universal 1590: Original Verb-medial languages exhibit a slight preposing tendency, but a strong tendency not to affix preposed material. Standardized IF basic order is verb-medial,…

Universal 1591: internal relative clause ⇒ SOV Original Clear cases of internal relative clauses are present only in languages whose basic word order is SOV.…