Author: FP

Universal 1652: Original If in a language finite and non-finite (attributive and/or argument) functions of converbs are equally marked or equally unmarked, then the language…

Universal 1653: Original If a language is non-tensed, the nominal predicate does not require a copula. Standardized IF there is non-tensedness, THEN the nominal predicate…

Universal 1654: visual > non-visual > inferential > quotative, OR direct > indirect Original The Evidentiality Hierarchy:visual > non-visual > inferential > quotative, OR direct…

Universal 1655: Original Whenever the same term is used to designate the mother and the father’s sister, this same term is used for the mother’s…

Universal 1656: Original Lineal kinship term is unmarked as against collateral, consanguineal is unmarked as against affinal, the less remote from the speaker (measured in…

Universal 1657: Original All systems distinguish male and female parent by separate terms even though very frequently other kin types are included in the referents…

Universal 1658: Original Whenever there are two terms differing in generation which are true reciprocals, or there is one which is a self-reciprocal term with…

Universal 1659: distinction of sex in the second descending generation ⇒ distinction of sex in the second ascending generation Original Distinction of sex in the…

Universal 1660: Original In no language, the most common word for ‘first generation descendant’ is not the same as the most common word for ‘person…

Universal 1661: Original Proper name-like uses are much more frequent with certain kin terms, notably the ones that denote ascending relations, and in particular parental…