Author: FP

Universal 1762: Original Back consonants (velars) are more likely to undergo deletion than front consonants (labials and dentals). Standardized IF front consonants are deleted, THEN…

Universal 1763: Original The velars are most likely to undergo weakening, then the dentals, and lastly the labials, in that order. Standardized IF labials undergo…

Universal 1764: Original The basic direction of merging of the consonant endings is unmistakable: invariably from the front to the back. Standardized IF back and…

Universal 1765: Original Nasal effacement applies preferentially to weak nasals, thus to velar nasals in preference to dental or labial nasals. Standardized IF dental or…

Universal 1766: Original Nasal effacement applies to tautosyllabic nasals in preference to heterosyllabic nasals. Standardized IF heterosyllabic (intervocalic) nasals are effaced [deleted?], THEN tautosyllabic (preconsonantal)…

Universal 1767: Original Nasal effacement applies to unstressed nasals in preference to stressed nasals. Standardized IF stressed nasals in stressed syllables are effaced [deleted?], THEN…

Universal 1768: Original Nasal effacement applies to nasals after long vowels in preference to nasals after short vowels. Standardized IF nasals are effaced [deleted?] after…

Universal 1769: Original Nasal effacement applies to nasals after inherently strong vowels in preference to nasals after inherently weak vowels. Standardized IF nasals are effaced…

Universal 1770: Original If there is effacement of comparatively strong (syllable-initial) nasals, then there must have already been effacement of comparatively weak (syllable-final) nasals. Standardized…

Universal 1771: Original Nasalization is more likely to occur before continuants than stops. Standardized IF nasalization occurs before a stop, THEN it will occur before…