Author: FP

Universal 1872: Original There are instances in which a 1st person inclusive plural shows by its morphological structure that it consists of the 1st person…

Universal 1873: Original Implicational patterns in the cross-linguistic coding of subordination:(a) If there is elimination of Aspect, then there is elimination of Tense and Mood.(b)…

Universal 1874: Original Co-occurrence tendencies in the cross-linguistic coding of subordination, where ‘>>’ means ‘more frequent than’:(a) Case/adposition & agreement eliminated >> case/adposition marking &…

Universal 1875: Original Frequency hierarchy for the cross-linguistic coding of subordination:elimination of tense/aspect/mood >> elimination of agreement distinctions, omission of verb arguments >> case/adposition marking…

Universal 1876: Original In the coding of subordination, elimination of Tense/Aspect/Mood distinctions takes place when the other phenomena (like agreement elimination, case/adposition marking, possessor/oblique coding…

Universal 1877: Original It seems that polarity [in gender/number systems] is never complete (i.e., polarity is never the sole configuration of gender/number markers under all…

Universal 1878: Original Deverbalization Hierarchy:If a verbal form inflects for tense-aspect-modality (TAM) like a predicated verb, then it will take subject and object dependents like…

Universal 1879: Original In many languages there is a strong correlation between the presence of an expletive subject and some definite argument elsewhere in the…

Universal 1880: 1st vs. 2nd/3rd person split: future > present > past Original If a language has different tense categories and shows a split between…

Universal 1881: 1st vs. 2nd/3rd person split (past) ⇒ 1st vs. 2nd/3rd person split (future) Original Languages which show a split between 1st versus 2nd/3rd…