Author: FP

Universal 1882: Original If there is a split between 1st versus 2nd/3rd person marking in modal categories, then it is more likely to occur in:(a)…

Universal 1883: Original A split between 1st and 2nd person versus 3rd person marking is more likely with a verb marked for direct or sensory…

Universal 1884: Original A split between 1st and 2nd person versus 3rd person marking is more likely with the verbal category assertive than with the…

Universal 1885: Original The Cleftability Hierarchy:Subject > Direct Object > Indirect Object > Oblique NP > Genitive NP > Object of Comparison. Standardized IF Object…

Universal 1886: Original The Cleftability Hierarchy:Subject > Direct Object > Indirect Object > Oblique NP > Genitive NP > Object of Comparison. Syntactic positions on…

Universal 1887: Original The Cleftability Hierarchy:Subject > Direct Object > Indirect Object > Oblique NP > Genitive NP > Object of Comparison. Syntactic positions on…

Universal 1888: Original Languages possessing the pairs voice–voiceless, aspirate–non-aspirate, have also a phoneme /h/. Standardized IF there is an opposition of voice vs. voiceless and…

Universal 1889: Original The relation of the retroflex to the dental consonants proves to be a mere variety of the opposition of pharyngealized and non-pharyngealized…

Universal 1890: Original No non-lexical language property can be borrowed unless the borrowing language already includes borrowed lexical items from the same source language. Standardized…

Universal 1891: Original No member of a constituent class whose members do not serve as domains of accentuation can be included in the class of…