Author: FP

Universal 118: Original If in a language, in a sentence the verb agrees with the noun in an oblique case and there is a noun…

Universal 117: Original In languages with a distinction between active (animate) vs. passive (inanimate) nouns, passive nouns don’t distinguish numbers (SG/PL). Standardized IF nouns are…

Universal 110: Rel N ⇒ Adj N;N Rel ⇒ N Adj Original There is a clear tendency for Rel N languages to be Adj N…

Universal 111: V Adv ⇒ N Adj Original For most languages, if V Adv, then N Adj. Standardized IF verbs precede adverbs, THEN nouns precede…

Universal 112: (V O & Adv V) ⇒ Adj N;(O V & V Adv) ⇒ N Adj Original If the adverb occurs on the opposite…

Universal 113: Adj Qual ⇒ N Adj Original Adj Qual languages exhibit a clear tendency to be N Adj. Standardized IF adjectives precede qualifiers, THEN…

Universal 114: N Dem ⇒ N Adj Original There is a significant tendency for N Dem languages to have N Adj. Standardized IF nouns precede…

Universal 115: Original It is common for certain case distinctions to be neutralized for a given number, while the opposite phenomenon perhaps never occurs. Standardized…

Universal 116: case ⇒ number Original … number is, as has been seen, closer to the stem and generally present when case is present, while…

Universal 89: Original Markers of agreement with direct objects are always formally distinct from markers of agreement with subjects, indirect objects, and adverbial objects. If…