Author: FP

Universal 136: Original [IF one of the relations of (i) alienability, (ii) inalienability, and (iii) classification is realized formally by a certain construction, THEN no…

Universal 137: Original In no language will the morphological bulk of a direct case affix exceed that of the oblique case affixes, as a general…

Universal 138: Original If a language has de-verbal case markers at all, it is likely to have a de-verbal Locative case marker. Standardized IF there…

Universal 139: Original If in a language a property is expressed alternatively by a noun and an adjective and there is an associated difference between…

Universal 140: Original If in a language a property is expressed alternatively by a noun and an adjective and there is also an associated difference…

Universal 141: Adj(shape) ⇒ Adj(color) & Adj(size) Original If a language has adjectives for shape, it has adjectives for colour and size. Standardized IF the…

Universal 142: Du (Adj) ⇒ Du (Dem) Original In noun-phrase-internal agreement, if adjectives inflect for the dual, so do demonstratives. Standardized In NP-internal agreement, IF…

Universal 143: Adj(Def) ⇒ G N Original If the adjective agrees in definiteness, then the genitive will precede the noun. Standardized IF the adjective agrees…

Universal 144: ¬ Adj agreement ⇒ G N Original If a language has no adjective agreement, then the genitive will precede the noun. Standardized IF…

Universal 157: Original If an adposition occurs as both object marker and allative marker, it also occurs as dative marker. Standardized IF an adposition occurs…