Author: FP

Universal 180: case-marking (Subj &DO) ⇒ SOV Original Case-marking for subject vs. object correlates positively with SOV and negatively with SVO. Standardized IF there is…

Universal 181: NP-conjunctive (=Comit) ⇒ SVO Original An NP-conjunctive that has the same form as the comitative marker correlates positively with SVO, and negatively with…

Universal 182: Original If adnominal genitival complements are neither marked by case nor by coreference on the head-NP, there is a tendency for SVO. Standardized…

Universal 183: case (noun) ⇒ case (pronoun) Original If there is case-inflection on nouns, there is also case-inflection on some pronouns. Standardized IF there is…

Universal 184: (Acc(3p pronoun) = Acc(Indef noun)) ⇒ (Acc(3p pronoun) = Acc(Def noun)) Original If the accusative-case marker in (3rd person) pronouns and indefinite nouns…

Universal 185: Original If there are analogical changes in the inflectional paradigms of place names, non-local cases (including the nominative) are generally reformed after local…

Universal 186: declension classes ⇒ cumulation (case & number);separation (case & number) ⇒ ¬ declension classes Original If there are declension classes (with different classes…

Universal 187: Original No language adds to the pair /t/ – /d/ a voiced aspirate /dh/ without having its voiceless counterpart /th/. Standardized IF there…

Universal 188: incorporation (Subject) ⇒ incorporation (DO) Original If in a language there is incorporation of the nominal subject into the verb-form, then it has…

Universal 206: ergative alignment ⇒ case (Erg/Abs) & personal affix (Erg/Abs) Original The most important implications of ergativity are the following: the opposition of ergative…