Author: FP

Universal 184: (Acc(3p pronoun) = Acc(Indef noun)) ⇒ (Acc(3p pronoun) = Acc(Def noun)) Original If the accusative-case marker in (3rd person) pronouns and indefinite nouns…

Universal 185: Original If there are analogical changes in the inflectional paradigms of place names, non-local cases (including the nominative) are generally reformed after local…

Universal 186: declension classes ⇒ cumulation (case & number);separation (case & number) ⇒ ¬ declension classes Original If there are declension classes (with different classes…

Universal 187: Original No language adds to the pair /t/ – /d/ a voiced aspirate /dh/ without having its voiceless counterpart /th/. Standardized IF there…

Universal 188: incorporation (Subject) ⇒ incorporation (DO) Original If in a language there is incorporation of the nominal subject into the verb-form, then it has…

Universal 189: ≥7 cases ⇒ case(s) for local relations Original Any case system with over a certain number of cases in it (probably somewhere around…

Universal 190: locative > allative > ablative > prolative Original If only some locational relations are expressed in a case system, they will always include…

Universal 191: Original The most common syncretisms of case relations in a single form include: ablative=prolative; locative=allative; ablative=partitive. Standardized IF there are syncretisms involving local…

Universal 192: Original A relation that is higher on the hierarchy of centrality (subject-object > local relations; locative > ablative; …) than another one will…

Universal 193: case assign (verb) ⇒ case assign (adposition);case assign (adposition) ⇒ case assign (verb) Original If in a language verbs assign morphological case, so…