Author: FP

Universal 191: Original The most common syncretisms of case relations in a single form include: ablative=prolative; locative=allative; ablative=partitive. Standardized IF there are syncretisms involving local…

Universal 192: Original A relation that is higher on the hierarchy of centrality (subject-object > local relations; locative > ablative; …) than another one will…

Universal 193: case assign (verb) ⇒ case assign (adposition);case assign (adposition) ⇒ case assign (verb) Original If in a language verbs assign morphological case, so…

Universal 194: case assign (numeral) ⇒ case-assign (verb &/V adposition) Original … in case in a language numerals are case-assigners, so are verbs and/or adpositions.…

Universal 195: Original If in a language adjectives assign morphological case to their complements, the range of cases assigned by them will include the genitive.…

Universal 196: OV ⇒ simple syllable structure Original OV languages tend to have simple syllable structure. Standardized IF basic order is OV, THEN syllable structure…

Universal 197: Original No set of case marking elements both precede the head noun and participate in agreement. Standardized IF a relational marker (case, adposition)…

Universal 198: Original No set of case marking elements both precede the head noun and are inseparable from it. Standardized IF a relational marker (case,…

Universal 199: Original No set of case marking elements both participate in agreement and are separable from the head noun. Standardized IF a relational marker…

Universal 217: Original This hierarchy expresses the semantic naturalness for a lexically specified noun phrase to function as agent of a true transitive verb and…