Author: FP

Universal 208: OV ⇒ pitch accent;VO ⇒ stress accent Original OV languages are characterized by pitch accent.VO languages tend to have stress accent accompanied by…

Universal 209: Original An opposition of two vowels of the same degree of aperture is not present as long as a corresponding vocalic opposition of…

Universal 210: Original A differentiation of rounded vowels according to degree of aperture cannot arise as long as the same opposition is lacking for unrounded…

Universal 211: nominative alignment ⇒ case (Nom/Acc) & personal affix (SUB) Original The most important implications of the nominative type are: the single “subject” series…

Universal 212: vocalic opposition ⇒ consonantal opposition Original IF a language has a vocalic opposition, THEN it has a consonantal opposition. Standardized IF there is…

Universal 213: derived-case comparative ⇒ balancing Original If a language has a derived-case comparative, then that language is balancing. Standardized IF there is a derived-case…

Universal 214: fixed-case (comparative) ⇒ deranking Original If a language has a fixed-case comparative, then that language is deranking. Standardized IF there is a fixed-case…

Universal 215: N G (possessive construction) ⇒ QuantN (partitive construction) Original If a language has a noun-genitive order in the possessive construction, it has quantitative-noun…

Universal 216: active alignment ⇒ case (Act/Inact) & personal affix (Act /Inact) Original The most important morphological implications of active languages are as follows: the…

Universal 236: inflectional expansion: cases marking SUBJ, OBJ, ATTR ⇒ local cases;inflectional reduction: local cases ⇒ cases marking SUBJ, OBJ, ATTR Original During inflectional expansion,…