Author: FP

Universal 218: mellow fricative ⇒ strident fricative Original Standardized IF there are mellow fricatives, THEN there are corresponding strident fricatives. Keywords mellow, strident, fricative Domain…

Universal 219: Original In all languages: if there are non-root morphemes, then all such morphemes have a more limited inventory of phonemes than root-morphemes and…

Universal 226: Original Languages of the class type have no case paradigm. In rare cases when languages of the active type have an elementary noun…

Universal 225: Original Difference of case inventories in the different systems:the strong active system is characterized by an absence of case inflection; the opposition of…

Universal 224: labial/dental stops ⇒ nasal /oral stops Original The first consonantal opposition is that of nasal and oral stop, which is followed by the…

Universal 223: Original In all languages: if there is a phonemic alternation in root morphemes, then there is a phonemic alternation in non-root morphemes as…

Universal 222: Original If a language has a distributive-key quantifier word, then that word is a distributive-key universal quantifier. Standardized IF there is a distributive-key…

Universal 221: Original In all languages: each free root morpheme (in contrast to the non-root morpheme) is expressed with more than one consonant phoneme. Standardized…

Universal 220: Original If a language has a converb with the fundamental meaning of succession, then it has also a converb with the fundamental meaning…

Universal 247: Acc ⇒ Gender Original The presence of the category of gender is connected with the development of the morphological opposition of nominative/accusative. In…