Author: FP

Universal 222: Original If a language has a distributive-key quantifier word, then that word is a distributive-key universal quantifier. Standardized IF there is a distributive-key…

Universal 223: Original In all languages: if there is a phonemic alternation in root morphemes, then there is a phonemic alternation in non-root morphemes as…

Universal 230: rigid order ⇔ ¬case; ¬case ⇔ prepositions; rigid order ⇔ preposition; flexible order ⇔ cases; cases ⇔ sparse use of preposition; flexible order…

Universal 229: number (noun) ⇒ case (noun) Original If nominals inflect for number, they also inflect for case. Standardized IF nominals inflect for number, THEN…

Universal 228: case (noun) ⇒ inflection (verb) Original If nouns inflect for case, then verbs inflect for some inflectional category. Standardized IF nouns inflect for…

Universal 227: Original If a language has only affixes which derive causatives form intransitive verbs, it is unlikely that these affixes will have a permissive…

Universal 226: Original Languages of the class type have no case paradigm. In rare cases when languages of the active type have an elementary noun…

Universal 225: Original Difference of case inventories in the different systems:the strong active system is characterized by an absence of case inflection; the opposition of…

Universal 224: labial/dental stops ⇒ nasal /oral stops Original The first consonantal opposition is that of nasal and oral stop, which is followed by the…

Universal 212: vocalic opposition ⇒ consonantal opposition Original IF a language has a vocalic opposition, THEN it has a consonantal opposition. Standardized IF there is…