Author: FP

Universal 265: Original Active languages are characterized by dividing nouns into active (“animate”) and inactive (“inanimate”) classes and by the corresponding principle of dividing verbs…

Universal 264: Original On the lexical level frequentalia of active languages are as follows: the inactive noun class is often subdivided into groups according to…

Universal 263: Original Among the morphological frequentalia of ergativity one may mention: the morphological category of words that are syntactically connected with nouns (verbs, adjectives,…

Universal 262: Original Among the lexical frequentalia of ergativity one can mention: Classes of possessive and affective verbs (verba habendi and verba sentiendi), forming special…

Universal 261: ergative language ⇒ ObjectSubject markers Original In ergative languages personal verb affixes are arranged such that the object marker almost always precedes the…

Universal 260: ergative language ⇒ prefix-suffixal personal conjugation Original In ergative languages personal conjugation is of prefixal or prefix-suffixal nature. Standardized IF alignment is predominantly…

Universal 255: number (noun) ⇒ the same number (pronoun) Original If there exists a regular number distinction in a language, this distinction is necessarily present…

Universal 254: case (adjective) ⇒ case (noun) Original If there is a certain case distinction in the forms of the adjective, there is the same…

Universal 253: possessive predication ⇒ localizing predication Original Predicate hierarchy 1B: (Xi/0)loc > (Xi)possthis hierarchy states that presentative localizing predications are more easily predicable than…

Universal 241: inflection ⇔ free order; ¬inflection ⇔ rigid order Original If there is segmental relation marking, word order is free, and vice versa.OR equivalently:If…