Author: FP

Universal 309: Original In the overwhelming majority of languages the citation form belongs to the syntactical form of the nominative*. Standardized The citation form of…

Universal 308: Original If active and passive voices differ from each other in nominal actants form, they differ in verb form as well. Standardized IF…

Universal 307: Original If active and passive voices differ in verb form, then the corresponding constructions differ from each other in form of at least…

Universal 306: Original In the majority of languages verbal forms of the passive voice morphologically are not more complex than forms of the active voice.…

Universal 305: passives of INTR ⇒ passives of TR Original If a language has passive voice forms derived from intransitive verbs, it has passive voice…

Universal 304: three-member passive ⇒ two-member passive Original If there is a three-member passive construction, then there will be a two-member passive construction, derived from…

Universal 303: ergative construction (non-past V imperfect) V. passive voice (non-past V imperfect) ⇒⇒ ergative construction (past V perfective) V. passive voice (past V perfective)…

Universal 302: Original In the majority of languages the nominal and pronominal subject in the passive voice has the same grammatical patterning as the subject…

Universal 301: Original In all languages (?) it is possible to form general questions without inversion. Standardized General questions can be formed without inversion. Keywords…

Universal 286: Original If a causative morpheme is unproductive in relation to transitives, forming from them a relatively small (closed) group of trivalent causatives, among…