Author: FP

Universal 311: Original If among the syntactic functions of the form there is the subject of intransitive verb of state, then the subject of intransitive…

Universal 310: Original If some nouns have a syntactic form of indefinitive*, then the citation form coincides exactly with this syntactic form. Standardized The citation…

Universal 309: Original In the overwhelming majority of languages the citation form belongs to the syntactical form of the nominative*. Standardized The citation form of…

Universal 308: Original If active and passive voices differ from each other in nominal actants form, they differ in verb form as well. Standardized IF…

Universal 307: Original If active and passive voices differ in verb form, then the corresponding constructions differ from each other in form of at least…

Universal 306: Original In the majority of languages verbal forms of the passive voice morphologically are not more complex than forms of the active voice.…

Universal 305: passives of INTR ⇒ passives of TR Original If a language has passive voice forms derived from intransitive verbs, it has passive voice…

Universal 304: three-member passive ⇒ two-member passive Original If there is a three-member passive construction, then there will be a two-member passive construction, derived from…

Universal 303: ergative construction (non-past V imperfect) V. passive voice (non-past V imperfect) ⇒⇒ ergative construction (past V perfective) V. passive voice (past V perfective)…

Universal 289: postconsonantal aspiration ⇒ prevocalic aspiration; Original Prevocalic aspiration is typologically more frequent than postconsonantal aspiration. Standardized IF there is postconsonantal aspiration, THEN there…