Universal 1928: negative determiner is borrowed ⇒ specific determiner is borrowed Original If there is a word-form loan of a negative determiner in a language,…
Category: Universals Archive
Universals Archive
Universal 1944:
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Universal 1944: Original When three-degree systems of demonstratives where proximal/medial/distal correspond to 1st/2nd/3rd person develop into two-degree systems, the opposition will be proximal&medial vs. distal…
Universal 1960:
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Universal 1960: Original [???] CHECK! Standardized IF a sequence of consonants (possibly only consisting of one) occurs in a consonant cluster of n members, THEN…
Universal 1976:
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Universal 1976: Original When a language with zero copula inserts a pro-copula it does so between the subject and complement regardless of the normal position…
Universal 1992:
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Universal 1992: Original In synchronic as well as diachronic treatments of languages, the pronominal system is much more basic and primary than pronominal agreement in…
Universal 2009:
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Universal 2009: Original Suggested hierarchy of base types for diminutivisation and augmentativisation:Noun > Adjective, Verb > Adverb, Numeral, Pronoun, Interjection > Determiner Standardized IF augmentatives/diminutives…
Universal 2024:
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Universal 2024: Original [IF there is Scrambling, then basic order is SOV.] Standardized IF there is Scrambling, then basic order is SOV. Keywords order, SOV,…
Universal 9: Proper Common ⇒ N G, Common Proper ⇒ G N Original If in apposition the proper noun usually precedes the common noun, then…
Universal 25:
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Universal 25: Original In all languages, if an adnominal nominal preceding the head shows Suffixaufnahme, so does an adnominal nominal of the same type following…
Universal 41:
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Universal 41: Original If a nominal has two or more affixes at one time and at an earlier time one of those was not present,…