Universal 1109: person marking (predicate nouns) ⇒ person marking (predicate verbs) Original There is no language in which person marking applies to predicate nouns and…
Category: Universals Archive
Universals Archive
Universal 1125: incorporation (pronominal object)⇔ incorporation (possessive pronoun)
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Universal 1125: incorporation (pronominal object)⇔ incorporation (possessive pronoun) Original If pronominal objects can be incorporated, then possessor pronouns can also be incorporated;if possessor pronouns can…
Universal 1141:
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Universal 1141: Original The most frequent type of a passive construction is that with a stem affix. Less frequent morphological expression types are auxiliary verbs,…
Universal 1157: definiteness agreement (head noun & relative clause) ⇒ definiteness agreement (head noun & adjective)
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Universal 1157: definiteness agreement (head noun & relative clause) ⇒ definiteness agreement (head noun & adjective) Original No language has been found where definiteness agreement…
Universal 1173: BACK > FRONT > UP, IN > DOWN Original BACK > FRONT > UP, IN > DOWN. If any one of the five…
Universal 1189: reciprocal (1) ⇒ reciprocal (2) ⇒ reciprocal (3) Original If there is reciprocal marking for 1st person, then there also for 2nd person;…
Universal 1205:
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Universal 1205: Original Persistent determiner constraint:Every persistent determiner of human language is monotone ¡ncreasing and weak. Standardized Persistent determiner constraint:Every persistent determiner of human language…
Universal 1221: locative ⇔ allative ⇔ ablative Original Systems of local cases prototypically include a locative (‘where’ case), an allative (‘where to’ case), and an…
Universal 1237:
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Universal 1237: Original Languages with uniform syllable division do not have VC.V division. Standardized IF there is uniform syllable division, THEN there is no VC.V…
Universal 1253:
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Universal 1253: Original Anterior consonants are less likely to participate in consonant gradation than posterior consonants. Standardized Anterior consonants are less likely to participate in…