Universal 706: nasal vowels ⇒ as many or more oral vowels Original The number of vowels in a nasal vowel system is equal to or…
Category: Universals Archive
Universals Archive
Universal 722: complex contour tones ⇒ simple contour tones Original A language with complex contours also has simplex contours. Standardized IF there are complex tonal…
Universal 738:
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Universal 738: Original The Adjective Hierarchy:Human Propensity / Physical / Dimension, Colour / Value, Age, Form / Material, Gender The first aim of this hierarchy…
Universal 754:
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Universal 754: Original For injectives, …, the bilabial is clearly the favoured point of articulation. Standardized IF an obstruent is injective, THEN it will most…
Universal 770: voiced primary fricative ⇒ unvoiced primary fricative Original The presence of a voiced primary fricative in a language is highly likely to imply…
Universal 786:
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Universal 786: Original The number of secondary oral stops in a given language is not likely to be greater than that of primary oral stops.…
Universal 802: back consonant ⇒ front consonant Original No language has back consonants without containing front consonants. Standardized IF there are back consonants, THEN there…
Universal 818:
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Universal 818: Original Standardized Normal hierarchy of increasing markedness in vowels: /E / ⇒ /a/ ⇒ /e/ ⇒ /i/ ⇒ /ü/ ⇒ /ö/ ⇒ /Å“…
Universal 834:
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Universal 834: Original Languages with two or more r-types are unlikely to restrict the contrast to place alone. Standardized In languages with more than two…
Universal 850:
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Universal 850: Original In final clusters, the existence of at least one liquid + nasal cluster implies the existence of at least one liquid +…