Universal 1918: Original If a language lacks a definite article, it tends to lack a transitive verb of possession (‘have’). Standardized IF there is no…
Universal 1918:
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Das grammatische Raritätenkabinett & The Universals Archive
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Universal 1918: Original If a language lacks a definite article, it tends to lack a transitive verb of possession (‘have’). Standardized IF there is no…
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Universal 1934: local indefinite is borrowed ⇒ impersonal indefinite is borrowed Original If there is a word-form loan of a local indefinite, then it is…
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Universal 1950: Original Partial or complete denasalization of nasal consonants would occur only in languages with oral-nasal vowel contrast. Standardized IF there is partial or…
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Universal 1966: Original Every language has at least one set of forms or constructions whose primary function (or one of several major functions) is to…
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Universal 1982: Original … from the fact that subordinate clauses precede, it might be predicted that quotations would precede the quoting verb. Also, from the…
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Universal 1998: Original An obvious suggestion for a universal here [where gender appears in only one person] would be that if a language has a…
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Universal 2014: Original Long-distance reciprocals are not clearly attested in natural languages, to my knowledge. Standardized There are no (clear cases of) long-distance reciprocals. Keywords…
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Universal 15: OV ⇒ V Neg & V Caus & V Refl & V Recipr; VO ⇒ Neg V & Caus V & Refl V…
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Universal 31: Suffixaufnahme with nominals ⇒ other attributive constructions Original If a language has Suffixaufnahme, it also has other NP-internal attributive constituents showing agreement in…
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Universal 47: Original Nominal predicate complements are more likely than adjectival and participial predicate complements not to agree in case with the noun phrase (NP)…