Universal 1923: Original If a language has two near-synonymous constructions which differ structurally in linguistic distance, they will differ semantically in (among other things) conceptual…
Universal 1923:
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Das grammatische Raritätenkabinett & The Universals Archive
Universals Archive
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Universal 1923: Original If a language has two near-synonymous constructions which differ structurally in linguistic distance, they will differ semantically in (among other things) conceptual…
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Universal 1939: Original If a language has denominal derivation, it has nominal derivation (=derivation of something else to nouns). Standardized IF words of whatever word…
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Universal 1955: Original … musikalische[r] Ton … kann deshalb nur mit mit Vokalen und stimmhaften Konsonanten verbunden werden. Der Ausfall der Vokale ist hier also…
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Universal 1971: Original Tenseless or present-tense copulative expressions connecting nouns are more likely to vary diachronically between zero and overt morphemic marking than other copulative…
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Universal 1987: Original In an SOV language with Ex and Cop lexically separate, the Ex tends to be used as an auxiliary combining with the…
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Universal 2003: Original … it seems that as long as gender agreement is retained in some targets, the personal pronouns will be one of them.…
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Universal 2019: Original All languages have some “emotion terms” (i.e. terms designating some cognitively based feelings). Standardized There are some “emotion terms” (i.e. terms designating…
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Universal 1: Adp NP ⇒ N G Original In languages with prepositions the genitive almost always follows the governing noun. Standardized IF adpositions precede their…
Universal 19: SA nominal possessor ⇒ SA pronominal possessor Original In all languages, if Suffixaufnahme occurs with nominal possessors, it also occurs with pronominal ones.…
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Universal 35: SA ⇒ adjectives agree with their heads in the same category Original If a language has Suffixaufnahme, then adjectives agree with their heads…