Universal 79: Original Only languages in which passivization involves (a) the complete assumption of the coding properties of the subject by the promoted object (and…
Universal 79:
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Das grammatische Raritätenkabinett & The Universals Archive
Universals Archive
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Universal 79: Original Only languages in which passivization involves (a) the complete assumption of the coding properties of the subject by the promoted object (and…
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Universal 95: Postp ⇒ ((A N v Rel N ⇒ Dem N & Num N) & (Dem N v Num N) ⇒ G N)) Original…
Universal 111: V Adv ⇒ N Adj Original For most languages, if V Adv, then N Adj. Standardized IF verbs precede adverbs, THEN nouns precede…
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Universal 127: Original No language has syntactic means (dependent marking, head marking, word order) which are exclusively used in ANCs. Standardized IF any kinds of…
Universal 143: Adj(Def) ⇒ G N Original If the adjective agrees in definiteness, then the genitive will precede the noun. Standardized IF the adjective agrees…
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Universal 159: Original If object and transitive-clause allative are marked identically, even non-adpositionally, then dative is also identically marked. Standardized IF object and transitive-clause allative…
Universal 175: Prep ⇒ (N G ⇒ N Rel) Original If a language has Prep word order, then if the genitive follows the noun, the…
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Universal 191: Original The most common syncretisms of case relations in a single form include: ablative=prolative; locative=allative; ablative=partitive. Standardized IF there are syncretisms involving local…
Universal 207: VO ⇒ complex syllable structure Original VO languages tend to have complex syllable structure. Standardized IF basic order is VO, THEN syllable structure…
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Universal 223: Original In all languages: if there is a phonemic alternation in root morphemes, then there is a phonemic alternation in non-root morphemes as…