Category: Universals Archive

Universal 200: Original No set of case marking elements both participate in agreement and are independent morphemes. Standardized IF a relational marker (case, adposition) participates…

Universal 216: active alignment ⇒ case (Act/Inact) & personal affix (Act /Inact) Original The most important morphological implications of active languages are as follows: the…

Universal 232: rigid order & ¬case ⇒ definite article Original If constituent order is rigid and there is no case inflection, then there is a…

Universal 248: part of speech Adverb ⇒ part of speech Adjective ⇒ part of speech Noun ⇒ part of speech Verb Original Parts of speech…

Universal 264: Original On the lexical level frequentalia of active languages are as follows: the inactive noun class is often subdivided into groups according to…

Universal 280: Original In all languages, the nouns which are marked with a special possessive marker do not occur with possessive pronouns. Standardized IF nouns…

Universal 296: Original In all languages: if the noun has no case, and the verb has no such categories which could point out the relation…

Universal 312: Original If among syntactic functions of a form there is the subject of intransitive verb of action, then the subject of the intransitive…

Universal 328: Original If a verb agrees with a subject in prefix, then verbs have affixes or clitics which agree with the direct object. Standardized…

Universal 344: VS (transitive verb) ⇒ VS (intransitive verb) Original If the order VS is dominant with transitive verbs, then it will be dominant with…